فصلنامه مشکوه
پیاپی 158 (بهار 1402)

According to Ibn Abī-Ḥātam Rāzī, Abū Ḥamza al-Thumālī is one of the Ḥafṣ b. Ghīyāth’ masters who his tradition is desolated. The research main issue is the analysis and validation of two hypotheses about the contexts explanation and contents evidence of the mentioned report. The present research challenges the hypothesis validity, as a popular point of view in the main sources, and introduces the Abū Ḥamza's political thought hypothesis as an acceptable hypothesis that has been effective negatively in dealing with his tradition heritage. The findings show that Ibn Abī-Ḥātam's report is not the main theory about Ḥafṣ b. Ghīyāth about validity of Abū Ḥamza's traditions, and citing it in the popular narrators’ biographies as the oldest reason for insulting and undermining Abū Ḥamza is incorrect and there are many evidences of its criticism and violation.

Self-esteem is the understanding individual abilities, capacities and skills, as well as recognition of the high human position based on the divine worldview; believing that man can achieve worldly and hereafter happiness by using all his abilities and seeking God’s help. The research purpose is to identify and analyze the self-esteem components in Imam Ali’s (A.S.) narrations. The findings indicate that self-esteem components in Alawites traditions include individual, believing and generic self-esteem. Individual self-esteem in the field of belief and worship, ethics and personality, leadership, martial arts and scholarship has 1549 narrations (92.5%). Believing self-esteem which knows Islam as the perfect religion, the Prophet is the best creation and his mission is universal, Holy Qur'an is the best book, special virtues of the Imams (A.S.) and also the rise of the Upriser has 119 narrations (7.1%). Generic self-esteem, with the belief that man is the best of creations and God's trustee, has 6 narrations (4%).

Nowadays, hardships are considered as part of everyday life. Therefore, in order to manage and control them, it is necessary to identify appropriate measures for the target community in order to show the most suitable response. Therefore, this study, using content analysis and theme analysis techniques and using the theoretical foundations of resilience, has extracted and analyzed the social teachings of the Qur'an. The question of this research is: What are the effective factors on social resilience in religious society based on Qur’anic teachings? The findings have achieved two categories of spiritual capital and spiritual life. Also, two sub-categories of human and religious values for spiritual capital category and two sub-categories of spiritual and religious activities for the spiritual life category have been identified and for each one, the interaction of related concepts has been discussed and investigated.

Imamate is one of the most important and multifaceted issues in Islamic theology. The main issue of the research is the evaluation of Tabarsi's interpretation of the Imamate verses by comparing his interpretation with the Twelvers narrators such as al-Sharīf al-Murtaḍā, al-Shaykh al-Mufid, Shaykh Tusi and Abu al-Futuh al-Razi. The research hypothesis is the continuation of Shaykh Tusi's approach in Tabarsi's commentary and the predominance of comprehensive commentary compilation tools in the 6th century on the interpretation of Imamate verses. Present research innovation is to focus on the Imamate verses and Tabarsi's interpretation. Based on what has been analyzed in five areas, it is possible to consider Tabarsi's interpretation of these verses as influenced by his position in Twelvers exegesis. Before Tabarsi, Shaykh Tusi tried to interpret the Imamate verses with an approximate approach and to avoid sensitive topics in these verses interpretation, while explaining the Shi'ite interpretation point of view. He established the Twelvers interpretation method in the form of the first Shi’ite comprehensive interpretation. Tabarsi also established and promoted his path.

The seventh supplication of Al-Ṣaḥīfa al-Sajjādiyya is one of the recommended supplications in times of sadness and ​ ​ overwhelming difficulties. One of the most important issues about this supplication is to discover the main themes and the purpose of Imam Sajjad (A.S.) from its expression. The present research has tried to identify the correct way of dealing with the calamities and praying God manners by using content analysis and extracting the categories in the mentioned supplication. The findings show that in this supplication, Imam (A.S.) is trying to outline the manners of human speech during calamity and hardship before God Almighty. Acknowledging the influence of God's power and will in all matters, including hardships, Imam (A.S.) has expressed the power of God Almighty in solving problems as the only effective power in the universe. The main orientation of the seventh supplication is monotheistic orientation by explaining God's power, will and providence in all matters. Also, the proof of forgetting others in hardships, but God is evident in this supplication.

This study aim is to investigate the origin of the human will weakness and its correction methods based on the Holy Qur’an. The research is practical in terms of purpose with qualitative approach and analytical-inferential method as well as targeted sampling. To collect information, a systematic review method and a survey tool have been used. Based on his will, man can create a prosperous or miserable future for himself; but he faces some limitations while he has the freedom to educate himself. Man's will weakness is one of the most important limitations that prevent or slow down reaching the destination; as it provides the ground for sin, indecent actions and Satan's will formation. The principle to correct the aforementioned weakness is piety and cultivation based on the piety of presence. Based on the results, the constructive methods taken from the Qur'an verses to correct these weaknesses are: taking the role model of the lover from the beloved, stimulating religious motivations and strengthening godliness, piety and refinement, self-monitoring and self-control.The principle obtained to correct the mentioned weakness is piety and cultivation based on the piety of presence. According to the results of the research, the constructive methods taken from the verses of the Qur'an to correct these weaknesses are: establishment and companionship of the beloved of/with the beloved, stimulation of motivation faith and strengthening godliness, piety and cultivation, self-monitoring and self-control.